In the finishing process of cloth or clothing, the washing process is now widely used because it can get some special effects and increase its design comfort and aesthetics.
Washing process refers to the semi-finished products through some manual processing and mechanical washing, the use of some washing solvents to make the cloth or clothing to achieve the size of the stable and soft touch and special color and texture effects.
Generally speaking, the washing process is most commonly used in bedding fabrics and denim clothing, especially the washing effect of jeans, which is favored by consumers. In addition to denim fabrics, other linen, pure cotton, cotton blend, silk and other fabrics can also be washed.
The following introduces the bedding fabric, especially linen, linen and other hemp products washing.
Washing treatment: Desizing is required before washing to remove the slurry and make the fabric soft. Penetrants and softeners are used in this process. For different fabric types, the amount and ratio of detergent should be adjusted experimentally.
There are mainly the following types of washing:
1, general wash
Refers to ordinary washing with industrial washing machines, the main purpose is to clean and soft. When washing, add detergent and other additives, at the temperature of 50-80℃, after washing for a certain time, add softener to water, which can make the fabric soft, comfortable, natural and clean. Many washed cotton products will perform this operation for further softness.
- Rinse
That is, after ordinary washing water, the temperature is raised to 60 ° C, and an appropriate amount of bleaching water is added to rinse for a certain time according to the depth of the bleaching color.
It should be noted that the direction of adding bleach during operation should be consistent with the turn of the cylinder, so as to avoid the bleach directly falling on the clothing because it cannot be diluted with water in time, and local bleaching occurs. In general, many exported fabric products, including domestic fabrics, are so operated, because the color of the grey cloth is mostly semi-bleached, which can not fully achieve the white effect, and further bleaching is needed.
Frankly speaking, the domestic white flax is the same, most of the foreign use hydrogen peroxide solution for bleaching, the difference is that the domestic bleach contains more fluorescent agents, a long time, flax is easy to yellow.
3, stone wash
Because of its excellent characteristics, stone washed linen fabric has become more and more popular in recent years, and there is no sign of abating. Stone wash is intended to give the new fabric a retro, old appearance, the linen fabric rough and delicate, fluffy and precise, in the contrast of texture presented together, stone wash linen fabric is very soft, hanging shape, there is a charming old fading effect.
Stone washing linen refers to a special effect obtained by adding pumice or volcanic stone to the washing process of linen cloth through the selection of stone specifications, impact, flipping of the internal fibers of the fabric, and adjustment of the washing time and temperature. After linen stone washing, the rustic feeling is more distinct, the surface of the fabric is slightly wrinkled and uneven, while the linen is slightly worn, the fiber is slightly loose, the cloth shows a natural old sense, a slightly faded appearance, and a luxurious retro effect, and it is more comfortable to use.
- Sand washing
Sand washing popular in the 1980s, the use of industrial washing machine, the combination of some alkali and oxidizing additives, the purpose is to make the clothes after washing a certain fading effect and old feeling.
- Enzyme wash
Enzyme wash, also known as cellulase wash. It can reduce the fiber at a certain pH value and temperature, so that the cloth is more gently faded, hair removal, and durable soft effect. Compared with stone washing, enzyme washing can reduce the weight of the fabric and make it feel soft permanently. It can also improve fabric drape and shine.
Flax fiber is composed of cellulose and non-cellulose (including pectin, lignin, fatty wax, etc.), dyeing, dye and most of the surface of flax fiber action, but can not fully enter by pectin and other non-cellulose bonded flax fiber interior, making the dyeing performance is adversely affected, such as the dye dyeing fastness is poor.
In addition, if the non-cellulose in the flax fiber has been retained in the fiber, it will cause the flax fiber tissue to be tight and stiff, so that the soft comfort of the flax fabric is reduced; And pectin, fat wax residue will lead to color flowers, color spots, color spots and other problems. In order to improve the dyeing fastness, dyeing effect and softness of flax fabric, it is necessary to remove the non-cellulose in flax fiber.
In the traditional process, before dyeing linen fabrics, strong alkali and desizing liquid are added for desizing treatment, combined with boiling process and bleaching treatment with strong oxidant to remove non-cellulose. However, the use of strong alkali desizing, strong oxidizer bleaching, although it can remove non-cellulose, but the loss of equipment is large, environmental protection is poor.
Enzymes are proteins produced by organisms, and any organism will secrete a variety of enzymes to meet its physiological needs. Some enzymes can be replicated in the laboratory and even modified. One of the advantages of enzyme washing is that it takes advantage of this naturalness of enzymes, which can self-degrade in the water cycle. And the cleaning power of enzyme washing products is far better than other washing products, and the dosage can be greatly reduced.
For high-grade fabrics, enzyme washing is most suitable, especially for fabrics that are not resistant to high temperature and need to be washed at low temperature, because enzymes still have a strong washing effect at low temperatures. The use of bioactive enzyme cellulase to degel linen fabric, remove the non-cellulose in linen tissue, make linen fabric more soft, fluffy, and ensure the cloth rough style, strong sense of nostalgia, environmental protection and antibacterial. And the degumming effect is good, the treated fabric feels more rich, the color is more natural and full, the dyeing fastness is good, and it also meets the requirements of green environmental protection, reducing the environmental burden. At the same time, enzyme washing replaces laborious manual washing technology such as stone washing, which saves costs for enterprises.
In addition, tie-dye, laser engraving, hand painting and other techniques are used in the washing process to achieve different effects.
The washing process is complex and the parameters are numerous, so it is necessary to carry out small sample washing before mass production to determine the best washing process. The washing effect can bring more added value to the cloth, and it also needs to invest a lot of manpower and equipment, and sufficient washing time must be set aside when making production plans.